Discuss the Difficulties in Seeking to Adopt a Common Social Policy and Social Welfare Agenda Among the E.U. Member States.

Assignment 2-Take Home test ( suspicion 3, 5 and 6) Question 3 Discuss the difficulties in seeking to drive a usual mixer insurance and kindly upbeat schedule among the E. U. constituent states. Introduction A neighborly constitution is a unexclusive insurance indemnity and convention in the beas of health c atomic number 18, human services, criminal justice, education, and bray. (Malcolm hound shopping centre) In European Federal, it has passed a dour agency to seeking watch a green social policy and social benefit schedule among the E. U. appendage states. Caune et al has summarized the shape of social policy into triad steps fol deplorableed by the milest mavin(a) of EU.First stage was to create a uncouth food grocery and keep the discipline welf be policies. During the first stage E. U. did seek to entrap a certain policy, such(prenominal) as independence of movement for pass waterers and freedom of establishment and equal pay and rights for m igrant workers. The bit stages was Maastricht treaty that creating Maastricht criteria as tonic economic policy regime and established soft justness management. The thirds stage was focus onwards coordination and opposition of theme welf atomic number 18 policies. The treaty of Lisbon which is the recently moment in E.U. social policy, it defines E. U. seeks to rate the signifi thunder mugisterce of the poverty/social inclusion open method of co-ordination in bournes of what it indicates most(prenominal) the EUs engagement with social policy. From the historically, EU was did a lot of works to creating social policy and social welfargon agenda. only if E. U. soothe faces m each difficult to making a car park social policy among E. U. states. Further much(prenominal), this essay give primarily discuss on the difficult in seeking to survey a commonalty social policy and social welf ar agenda among the E. U. ember states which be base under rear and analyzed the hist ory and conception of E. U. social policy. Discussion From the three stages of form a social welf be system, we could found European conglutination has really well social welf are systems as an sample for the equaliser of the world. It has primary(prenominal)tained social equality among EU fragments which defend weaker foodstuff participants and attempt them acceptable standards of living. However, EU is promptly face great challenges, such as rapid growth in EU expansion and integrating, growing competition among component states for investments. intimately of them are now becoming difficult to a collect a further common social policy EU, such as increasing ab discover personal expectancy, population migration process, growing income inequality and the real social exclusion. These difficulties are primary(prenominal)ly coming from two sources which are national and European train. If EU aims to form a common social policy, they ordain firstly facing a problem of va rious social policies chased by particle states. Rutkauskiene indicated that at that place is no unanimous opinion rough all existing social policy in EU. (Rutkauskiene, 2009) Every member states shed their social policy depends on variant typology, such as Mediterranean model and antipodean model. These disparate social policy models in the place which shoot EU faces a huge challenge-too many different social policy model in the members leave hinder the process of adopt a common social policy in EU. wiz of the objectives of common social policy is maintain social equality among EU member state but from each one member state has a different economic situation that leading to different budget on social welfare expenditure.Hence, there depart be conflict amidst different countries investment on the social welfare. mavin of the example are from the EU integrating process, employee are free to move to a low cost countries and also employee from poor countries dejection m ove to a member state that has a better work condition. The en hulkingment or integration of European has becoming one of the difficulties in order to adopt a common social policy in EU because it has direct on the social issues, such as unemployment rate and fair work rights.Traser separate en declamatoryment had already, in 2004, caused in the public eye(predicate) anxiety close large amount of low-skilled and semiskilled workers from the new Member States seeking both employment and benefits in the EU-15, and displacing national workers with cheap labour. (Traser, 2005) The issues about free movement of employee is only one example about the differences of economic situation between member states but it can be a main difficulties for EU to adopt a common social policy because the members state are only stand for their own country and competing with other member states.In the European level, EU are also did a lot of work trying to leading member states participate on the proce ss of adopt a common social policy but it is difficult as well. Since the Maastricht Treaty a concept of soft law management measures are used to implementation of the EU activates. This has given to the control measures that are based on voluntarism, education and the manduction of best practices. (Rutkauskiene, 2009) In other world, members state is free depart participation in an exchange of information or action.The European council compile all these soft measurement 2000 in Lisbon and give them a name of Open manner of Coordination. (OMC) (European Council Web) In the European council meshworksite explained OMC- set goals are monitored and supervised, best practices are shared and there is a scope to share. (European Council Web) hardly there are one definitive feature of the OMC is that goals and achievement are established at the EU level, while the measure and practice to achieving them are left for national establishments. Many scholar are debate the disfavor of th is method.OMC is the neediness of obligation to implement any agreements, and the overleap of sanctions for failing to border any obligations (Szyszczak, 2006). In other words, EU did not give in to any suggestion about policy to national government, and national government did not need to adequately orient their active measures according to OMC goals. Moreover, each member states can present their own conclusions on the certain policy areas in their national actions plans, such as pension and health thrill area. Rutkauskiene has found a greatest number of faults in pensions area caused by OMC. Rutkauskiene, 2009) Everyone is too different in their personal necessarily and clamming to adequate for all is not feasible. So a government policy should be set a minimum pension sum to be guaranteed and set of this agreement among EU member states. In other worlds, it is required that guidelines for changes in indicator evaluation are set, thereby blocking the musical mode for differ ent understanding about social affairs. From the different argument on OMC policy we can it was mainly established a principle of play into coordination among EU member state but it facing difficulties turning this policy into an operational manner.Vandenbroucke state the post challenge of Lisbon treaty is EU need an operational social policy. (Vandenbroucke, 2002) Unfortunately, according to the discussion that the current OMC policy has some disadvantaged that made difficulties for EU to adopt a common social policy. Conclusions This essay has started with an introduction milestone of adopt the EU social policy. The difficulties in adopt a common social policy among EU member states let been compounded furthermore by the fact that large number of state in EU and each of them implementing a different social programs and social policy measures.Then we look on how European Union to dealing with this difficulties of great variety in the social policy systems. We ingest been chooses the current model to coordinate of social affairs in 2000 at the signing of Lisbon strategy which are Open Method of Coordination. found on the analysed from different academic literature, the main shortcomings of the OMC were identified as the lack of obligation and no sanctions for failing to carry out the activities set out in the agreements reached. (Rutkauskiene, 2009) Hence, the inefficiency of current policy is other main difficulties in adopt a common social policy. At the end, the process of adopt a common social will be forward in the approaching and the difficulties are also coming continuously at different stages. reservoir Arnaudova, F. Z. L. A. A. (2011). Growth, well- world and social policy in Euroep trade-off orsynergy. European friendly insurance policy Centre Concuil, E. , from http//ec. europa. eu/invest-in research/coordination/coordination01_en. htm Daly, M. (2006). EU Social Policy after Lisbon.Queens Univeristy, Belfast. Malcolm Wiener Center for Social Policy. Retrieved 10 Jan 2013, from http//www. hks. harvard. edu/centers/wiener Palier, P. R. G. a. S. J. a. B. (2011). The EU and the Domestic Politics of Welfare State Reforms. England. Rutkauskiene, L. (2009). Problems in the formation of the common EU social policy Vilnius Univeristy. Szyszczak, E. (2006). Experimental Governance The Opend Method of Coordination. European Law Journal. Traser, J. (2005). Report on the free movement of workers in EU-25 whos afarid of EU enlargment? BrusselsEuropean Citizen Action services. Vandenbroucke, F. (2002). The EU and Social tax shelter What should the Euroepan Convention Propose. Retrieved from http//econstor. eu/bitstream/10419/44291/1/644397675. pdf Vobruba, G. Debate on the enlargement of the Euroepan Union. University of Leipzig. Question 5 the genius market is the fundamental economic underpinning of the EU. Discuss whereforethis unmarried market is moot in the EU with regards to the digital engineering science heavens Introd uction The Europe commission in a 1985 unobjectionable paper launched the un divide market programme.The main purpose of iodin market is seeks to guarantee the free movement of goods, capital, services, and flock the EUs four freedoms within the EUs 27 member states. (European Commission Web) It was launched as the fundamental economic integration of the EU. It creates large benefit to the enterprise and EU-citizens. The European commission and the EUs executive arm, has target energy, digital and transport celestial spheres as priorities for depending market integration. (Egen) In relating to the digital technology orbit, the world economic is now more deepening on the digital technology.A 2010 correction commissioned by the European Policy Centre from Copenhagen Economics showed that an integrated European Digital Single Market (DSM) would lead to an increase in GDP of at least 4%, with cover benefits for consumers and citizens. (Economics, 2010) European commissions co ncur already been set in motion about importance of digital iodine market. For example, Monti report had already in high spiritslighted the importance of growing the digital unity market, which was also reflected in the digital agenda and the single market act.However, there are still many problem existed in the EU with regards to the digital technology sector. This essay will outline of the reasons of wherefore this single market is problematic in digital sector, which are mainly because of less enforce on inappropriate regulation in the member states and cost effectiveness and differences in provision of the infrastructure and old national monopolists. Discussion In Pablos report, which has summaries the European commission need to work more on to build trust and confidence in digital single market.Echeverria has indicated that European Commission need to stresses that the consumer rights directive marked an important step forward in terms of increasing legal deduction for co nsumers and businesses in online transactions, and today constitutes the main consumer protection instrument for online services. (Echeverria) A single market strategy will require a higher level of legal regulations in regarding to issues such as cybercrime, data privacy and email while ensuring free movement and the possibility of transactions on the internet.Otherwise this single market will be a problematic in digital sector because of the existence of a patchwork of different legal provisions and barely interoperable standards and practices. Also the consumer cant access the all-encompassing benefits from this strategy if this regulation is poor. European commissions report of make the digital single market has identified more and more taint is using the digital technology now. (Commission, 2011) Peoples are now using more internet service to making a convenience life, such as the online cross border trade.Moreover the digital single market will let in citizens to have a ccess throughout the EU to all forms of digital content and services. So in order to creating single market digital sector, if multitude are not use digital service in a safety environment then there will be a data protection problems. The other reasons of whythis single market is problematic in the EU with regards to the digital technology sector, which is cost effectiveness. In Zuleegs report has determine that a single digital market will require large scale investments in fixed and mobile networks, with much of this investment needing to come from backstage actors. Zuleeg, 2012) Especially in the European grouchy crisis period, Europe government and private operator will need to have spent more to support this investment by developing new investment vehicles and guarantees. Michelle Egan also defines a digital single market is a long way of investment and still have many barriers now. (Egan) But the single market in digital sector will advance productivity and contribute t o increasing Europes medium to long term competiveness. It also brings out benefit beyond the economic which it can help some societal problem, such as fragmented labor market and environment problems.According to all of this facts, we can finding the single market can bring large benefit to citizens and social but it will need to put extra investment by government and private operator. So this single market will bring out a conflict between internal users and external stakeholders because of cost effectiveness. A study by Copenhagen economic has list out there is a eye socket of national and international operators, totalling close to 100 mobile operators. (Copenhagen economic) In the Australia digital sector there are mainly one operator offer the most mobile and internet infrastructure which are Telstra.The digital sector is fragmented in European compared with other countries. The most of the digital companies are competing on a national scale instated of across borders. None have continent-wide operations and provide difference in provisions of infrastructure. One of the example is there are still less operator can provide mobile service across borders and also with a high roaming fees. However the single market strategy in digital sector is trying to integrate these companies into one group.This single market strategy whitethorn become problematic in the digital technology sector because a fragmented supplier industry may hamper certain developments. From the boilersuit finding, we can operator is the main stakeholder with a large impact on the digital sector. The study by Copenhagen has further explained this fact as a lack of market consolidation with old national monopolies keeping their loaded position in local markets due to government protection in the past. The operators are stress on their profit and ignore the importance of single market.One of the major benefits of European single market is increasing competition, leading to cast down pric es and better welfare for consumers and society as a whole. But the operator has main power in the national market and can rule out price convergence. Conclusion At the end, the single market in digital will have large impact on European economy either in public sector or employee or consumers or producer sides. But according to the nature of digital technology sector which is fragmented industry and investment barriers so the single market has being a problematic in this industry.Reference Completing the internal market smock paper from European Commission to European Council (1985). Brussels. Commission, E. (2011). Building the digital single market-cross border demand for content services. Echeverria, P. A. On completing the digital single market Economics, C. (2010). The conomic impact of a european digital single market. Egen, M. xx years after the completion of the EUs single market programme, member states have still not eliminate all barriers to trade. London The london nurture of economic and politcal science. Zuleeg, F. (2012).A digital single market by 2015. eSharp. European energetic Indsutry Obeservatory. (2011) Monti, M. (2010). A new strategy for the single market. The Single Market. Europa web portal. http//ec. europa. eu/internal_market/index_en. htm. Retrieved 03 January 2012. Question 6 what are the problems to be encountered in forming a European experience of individualism among the the great unwashed of the EU? Introduction A esthesis of a national identity element operator is the persons identity and nose out of belong to one state or to one nation, a feeling one shares with a group of people, regardless of ones citizenship status. (Smith, 1993) Usually, these are nation-states but it also can implied an entity group of European Union. McCormick writes champion of European identity as a related term of Europeanism refers to the assertion that the people of Europe have a distinctive set of political, economic and social norms and values that are soft diminishing and replacing existing national or state-based norms and values. (McCormick, 2010) Johan Borneman indicates the practices of Europeanization in term of languages, money, tourism and sex and sport. Borneman 1997) European Union are getting practice on this through the creation of the European single market, the expanded the European Union from twelve members in 1985 to twenty-seven members in 2007 and link the legislative and policy frameworks of EU with European identity. As we explained before EU has a long history of this integration process but there are still many problems encountered in forming a European sense of identity among the citizenry of the EU. There are especially in some countries are having this problems such as British.Moreover, this essay will discuss on the main problems that are in forming a European sense of identity among the citizenry of the EU. It also will find out some examples in English. Discussion Medrano has summ arized the main problems into three section which are . 1) conflated behaviour in referenda on enlighten treaties of the European Union, support for European integration, and identification with Europe, 2) conflated different dimensions of European identity, and 3) failed to leave out the various meanings that citizens attach to the idea of identification with Europe (Medrano, 2010)In the detail, the first problems are mainly concerned on the public debate on European identity. Many people see no opportunity to influence international decisions effectively because there are lacks of intermediary actor primary book binding European issues. In the public, the media or journalists are both have lack of reenforcement on EU news. Vreese said It is difficult to sell an EU story. (Vreese, 2004) Medrano has asked many journalists do you agree you play an important role in crating a European identify. (Medrano, 2010) The most of them unanimously agreed that the serve up should be NO.S ome journalists believe their role is to create engagement and engagement and not to influence identity. One of the examples is in British, the public opinion is divided and the country is becoming the most of skeptic members in EU with regards to EU policy of common currency and the enlargement. There is other problem influencing public opinion about Europe, such as difference in social-demographic characteristics. Most of researcher has find men being more supportive of Euro-pan integration and higher levels of education are associated with being more positive towards the EU.The second problems listed by Medrano, can be described as there are having many dimensions of European identity either by national or citizen. If there are too many dimensions of European identity that will results a lack of precision use in the use of the sense of European identity. The official dimensions of European identity is a precondition for a democratically legitimise European Union with feeling of belonging unitedly of the people living in the member states, including the awareness and the support of common values, achievements and aims.But in related to a real case the European identity is far lagging behind national identity. Fukuyama has given one example of Frances created a strong national identity by built nigh the French languages. (Fukuyama, 2012) In order to compared within the EUs dimension, EU are more stress on political and policy identity but the nations dimensions are more focus on coating and social level. EU has 27 members within different culture and religion. These countries have already built on different level of national identity.EU is now trying to integrate this national identity into one common identity which is European identity. So EU needs to conflate different dimension of European identity. The third problems is failed to consider the citizens exalted about European identity. The EU defines concept of European identity are most physically bas ed, such as free movement of goods and service. But the officials should to advertize a sense of belonging to Europe citizens arousedly. Medrano stated there are lacks of identification with Europe among citizens are mostly interested in the emotional dimension of identification. (Medrano,2010)Besides of Medranos measured three problems, there are still many other problems in order to create a sense of European identity. One of these problems are EU has less use any knowledge or instruments of identity policy to deliver the sense of European identity, such as education. Walkenhorst writes without a sense of commitment and knowledge of citizenship rights the European peoples cannot establish a democratic identity in the sense of supporting the EU as a legitimate political system. (Walkenhorst, 2004) EU also will not being able to demonstrate its benefits for the European citizen without using an instrument of identity policy.For instance, provide more education or program on spread the sense of European identity will also help to avoid the problems of different religions. EU has different religions identity, such as Christian and Muslim. The concept of European identity need to consider the ideal of multiculturalism and democracy. Conclusions This essay draws an analysis of the problems encountered in forming a sense of European identity which are based on an understanding what is a sense of European identity and how could generate a sense of identity.Since the firstly forming a European Union, EU are trying to creating a sense of European identity. A sense of national or regional identity is an emotionally feeling belongs to a group. EU did a lot of work that let people are physically feeling of European citizen, such as free movement of people and goods. One of the examples, are Eurostar given people are more mobility in traveling around European. However, EU is now facing problems on ignored the citizens emotionally feeling of European identity and conflic ts of different dimension about European concept of identity.Each member state and citizens has different dimension about European identity. The best way to solve this problem is using accurate instrument to spread the ideal of European identity, such as education and media. But the fact is there is lack of use media and education that results a problems in forming a sense of European identity. Reference Adrian Favell, E. R. , Theresa Kuhn, Janne Solgaard Jensen and Juliane Klein. (2011). The Europeanisation of Everyday Life Cross-Border practices and Transantional Identitifcations Among the Eu and Third-Country Citizens. Foweler, J. B. a. N. (1997).Europeanization. Annual Review. Retrieved from http//www. jstor. org/ immutable/2952532 . Fukuyama, F. (2012). European Identities Retrieved from http//blogs. the-american-interest. com/fukuyama/2012/01/10/european-identities-part-i/ Margaret R, A. (2008). Perceptions of European Identity among EU Citizens An Empirical Study. McCormick, J. (2010). Europeanism Oxford University Press. Medrano, J. D. (2010). Unpackiing European Identity CAIRN, INFO. Smith, A. D. (1993). National identity Univeristy of Nevada Press. Versteegh, M. L. C. (2010). European Citizenship as a modernistic Concept for Euroepan Identity.