'Psychological Perspectives Essay\r'

'Behaviourist approach-we passel understand any type of behavior sentiment by looking at what the person has learnt, including personality, confidence, optimism or pessimism. Classical conditioning and Pavlov’s dogs. Pavlov was working with dogs to investigate their digestive system Pavlov attached a render to the dogs mouth was the s l everyplace comes from. This was so attached to a monitor in whom the monitor would monitor how a great deal sliver was utilise during salivation. Salivation was a automatic solution that is unconditi unmatchabled ( non learnt). Food rails to this almost automatically (unconditioned input).\r\nPavlov fixed he wanted to find out how close to(prenominal) the dog salivated when associated with different noises before giving him regimen. Pavlov send up a wooden wall so the dog could non see the sustenance, he and whence rang a bell the dog began to salivate. Over the solar day the dog then began to associate the bell with the fo od a salivated as soon as he heard the bell. It had learnt the conditioned response of salivation to the conditioned stimulus of the bell. Operant conditioning and skinners ca-cas. This was to discover the key principles of raw learning conducts.\r\nThe rat was first places in the box seat with a open up which when pressed it released a food barb in to the box. At first when the rat got in to the box it sniffed around and at several(prenominal) point it pressed the lever, discovering that the pellet was dropped. The rat then repeated this performance and learned that pressing the lever is automatically followed by the pellet being dropped. ( the consequence) The pellet is seen as reinforcing, this means something that the rat would like to score more of. There argon two types of enforcement banish and positive financial support.\r\nSkinner then investigated negative financial support by running a low electrical current on the floor of the box, the current would be de-act ivated when the lever was pressed. The behaviour of pressing the leaver was then negatively in reinforcing. For framework humans used pain killers as a negative reinforcement be antecedent if you use them the pain then tends to go a look. accessible learning approach Social learning is what pretends a person because of a certain(prenominal) individual or a group of people. This could lead to negative behaviour which could be smoking, drinking and drugs.\r\nThese could be influenced by friends, pargonnts or a guardian and withal from the environment they live in. Albert Bandura proved this because he find this by doing the bobo shuttle experiment which was children ceremony a adult kick, pull and sit on the doll. The children then were allowed to go in a wager with the doll and they did what they had observed. But also in the room there was other items that they could play with so they could chose to be aggressive or not but they chose to play with the doll, when they were playing with the doll some got guns involved and pretended to shoot it, which the adult never did.\r\nThe children also used aggressive language towards the doll, this showed that because they had observed the adult being aggressive towards the dolls the children copied. Bandura also believed that behaviour cease be learnt from the following principles observational learning, this is watching soulfulness else perform a behaviour such as smoking, drinking, wearing a cycle helmet, they can be learnt but does not gull to be reproduced unless the person is motivated to perform the behaviour. A manipulation model which is an individual that inspires others as they could be prestigious, attractive, engender a high status and they may repeat their behaviour.\r\nModelling which is the process of basing behaviour for example fertilization the same as someone who they may admire. approachability the behaviour to be learnt moldiness be on hand(predicate) this could be performed some where for the individual to see this could be on TV, the computer, games, there peers and family members. Attention the behaviour must be noticed or we volition not be able to learn it, if someone is whole tone unwell they may not pay complaint which could be a problem because you go away not remember the procedure.\r\nRetention is behaviour that must be retained which is that the person must be enkindle enough and old enough to retain the wearment in their memory. Reproduction the individual must be capable of performing the behaviour. Motivation behaviour will be learnt and then performed. Humanistic approach Maslow was a psychologist that believed we were all seeking to become the best that we perchance can be physically, spiritually, emotionally and intellectually, he called this self-actualisation.\r\nHe also made the possibility known as hierarchy of demand this explains that every human requires certain basic needs to be met before they be able to move on to the ne xt stage. He also believed that all our energies will be focus on the stage that we are at, until the basic needs are met we will not focus on our emotional needs and to aspect self-pride which is how worth(predicate) we may feel, for someone who has a high self-esteem they will believe that that they are loved and are loveable and also that they feel important and valued.\r\nFor someone who has a low self-esteem they could feel unimportant and that they have no value to anyone and may feel unloved and that they are not unlovable. Self-concept is essential at an early age and it is the way we see ourselves, for example if someone was a child got told they were silly they are more likely to be that way were if a child is praised they will be behave and will have a positive self-concept. Rogers was interested in concept of self, it is the way we view ourselves which includes physical and biologic attributes like being male or female, dead or tall.\r\nHe believed that we also h old a concept of our self which represents as view of how we should be and as we would like to be, when there is incongruence between our self and our ideal self we can become lovesick and troubled. (betec level 3 health and social care book 1) Biological approach The maturational possibleness is that a child would be born with a set of genetics which are passed down by dint of their parents, which are cognitive, physical, and other developmental processes which unfold over time.\r\nIt is a theory that states that development is to nature not nurture. Gesell’s theory was that he believed that the development happened the way it was suppose to, this was from developing in the womb until birth. after birth he believed that this is when the child’s genes started to develop them into the person that they were meant to be. He also believed that the environment back up them developing their skills, talents, personality and also their interests but what was the important thing that helped the child develop was the maturational process.\r\nThe greatness of genetic influences on behaviour is that genes affect someone’s behaviour in a legion(predicate) of ways. A dominant gene can cause deranges like Huntington’s disease which can be passed on through a parent. Other disorder could be cystic fibrosis which both parents need to gestate the gene in order for their child to start up it. Disorders can be passed down but are not genetically determined which can lead to the person developing the disorder for example breast cancer can be passed down if one of the family members carry the gene.\r\nPsychodynamic approach focuses on un apprised purview processes, the patient will explore the unresolved issues and the conflicts that they have had in in the past which are believed to affect them in their present life. The therapies focus on relieving and solving the unconscious conflicts which are motivating their symptoms. Freud first devel oped the vital ideas which bring about the approach as a whole particularly the idea that cause behavior requires insight into the thoughts and feelings that motivate our actions.\r\nFreud also describes conscious mind, which consists of all the mental processes of which we are aware. For example, you may be feeling hungry at this moment and fall to get something to eat. Erikson’s theory differs in a number of important ways. Erikson believed that personality develops in a series of predetermined stages. Unlike Freud’s theory of psychosexual stages, Erikson’s theory describe the move of social experience across the whole lifespan.\r\n'