Americas Standardization essays

Americas Standardization essays The idea that Intelligence can be counted is one that begun in 19th century. The belief that IQ-based standardized testing is an essential ingredient in an equitable process that establishes who is most deserving and who merits the rewards our society is an illusion. [Spearman, Terman, Brigham, Burt, Jenson and the Bell Curve ideologues Herrnstien and Murray believe in the four characteristics of biological determinist dogma. The contemporary educational system justly determines who the real Golden Children are focuses on them, and rewards them as the most deserving individuals within our American meritocracy. Gould and Singham refute the scientific characteristics of the biological determinists IQism. There are many ingredients, many of which are invisible in the Golden Child recipe in this country. Kienholzs assemblages are the result of a history of resisting standardization in the art world. Kienholzs assemblages are also examples of his anti-standardization perspective. There ar e many challenges students face in being exposed to a non-standardized education. My learning process in Core 11 mirrors that of one in The Dead Poets Society.] There are four key characteristics of biological determinist dogma. The Characteristics are Intelligence is innate, heritable, fixed and measurable. Professor Arther Jensen, a professor at the University of California Berkley, believed that certain racial groups were destined for the basement in society, not due to any environmental factors. Instead because of an apparent genetic shortfall. According to the Cognitive Elitists, Hernstein and Murray. Intelligence is innate and there exist a group of superior people that should be nurtured, pampered and taught to be the leaders of society. The eugenics movements passed laws to slow the flow of inferior breeds like, Italians, Jews and Poles. This was the result of the belief intelligenc...

Goodfellas essays

Goodfellas essays Martin Scorcese, a realist, made Goodfellas based on a story about Henry Hill. This film was carefully and beautifully done to preserve much truth in it. Through this film, we could walk through the same lane as the mobsters did and understanding what they were going through. Mobsters were often thought as bad company. They had a worldwide labeled as ruthless, vicious and notorious crime organizations. But we often misunderstood and overlooked the reasons why these guys join the mobs. In this film, we learn about Henry Hill and how his life came crashing down due to his negligence in upholding the mafia rules and his greeds. Goodfellas opened with narration by Henry Hill introducing the audience to his world of world of wonders. The narration in the movie is really effective at making audiences feel as though they are experiencing a world that few people can see without being on the inside of a gang themselves.The use of non-linear editing was clearly shown. We started off into his childhood as he narrates his story. Henry wanted to b a gangster ever since he was a kid and ran illegal errands for the gangster and earned their trust and soon became one of their crew. The narration did not guide us through the story unlike Casablanca which we depended more on narration instead of the characters presence. The narration in Goodfellas merely help us to understand the each character better. Martin Scorcese used inventive camera works to enhance the visuals of this film. Long shots and montages were used. Long shots used for the scene at the bar where Henry introduced the audience to all his friends. It was dramatic and sharp. We know who they are and how they are associated to Henry within one long shot. Martin Scorcese used appropriate soundtracks to go with the era of the film. He ...

Cultural Organization in Vienna Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cultural Organization in Vienna - Essay Example They need to consider the physical resources such as tools, bricks and the human resources who are the workers. A mission statement is a short sentence that describes the main purpose of setting up a particular organization. It is a statement that gives the general public and the employees themselves reasons why an organization exits in the first place. It is highly confused with vision that simply means the future plans and objectives that an organization wants to achieve. In setting up a museum, the general public and the employees must have reasons for the existence of the museum. Thus the mission statement for the museum must be guided by the objective of the museum. Having a mission enables an organization to know its external and internal situations. This will help it in analyzing its weaknesses and strengths that enable it to come up with ways to counter the weaknesses. This will definitely make the organization gain competitiveness. It is also gives the organization the opportunity to know the threats and opportunities it has (Lorenzen, pp. 22-29). The fundamental goal of the museum i s to be an interactive and educational centre. Its main target is to educate people about their history and other peoples' history and more so, current affairs. The mission statement is, "to enhance education to every individual on important history and current affairs, increase the socialization process within the society, at the same time providing incentives for the general public by ensuring that they are employed to put their acquired knowledge and skills in practice". This mission statement will tells the strengths of the museum which are a social and educative place. It is a place where anybody can go to because it is both a social and educational place. The fact that young people have the interest of knowing where they came from is a great opportunity for the museum to gain popularity. It will only be threatened by the coming up of other museums and any economical or political instability which have been maintained for quite sometime now. Structure of the museum Structure of the museum can be divided in two forms; the physical plant and the organizational structure. The physical plant entails the general building of the museum. First of all it will be located in the first district because it is a place where many tourists visit and it has very many hotels. This will attract very many individuals to the museum. How will it look like It will definitely have the modern designs. This will give it a unique look unlike all other museums that have ancient designs. It will be built of bricks but at the same time have wooden bridges that connect the different parts of the museum. The building will have numerous parts like the library, ancient tools that were used, different artistic works like paintings, sculptors and drawings, very huge halls for video showings and lectures and theatre halls. The museum will also have a caf for the sake of enhancing socialization. It will also have a parking allowance with very high security. There will be video cam eras for surveillance purposes; this is mainly to reduce insecurity. An organizational structure is an informal or formal framework that entails all rules and policies in which an organization can arrange ways of communication, leadership and authority and distribute duties and responsibilities. It shows how much power one holds within the organization, roles that one is supposed to play. It is a

Operations Security and Production Controls Essay

Operations Security and Production Controls - Essay Example â€Å"OPSEC is generally regarded as not only a methodology, but also a mindset, and has its roots in the Vietnam Conflict.† (Operations Security, 2007). Operations security involves five processes which are as follows: Production control, as the name specifies, involves the control of production activity of an organization in accordance with the stated standards. Production control is exercised in an organization for proper scheduling of the product, to incur minimum possible expenditure and to check over production as well as under production. It also works for inter-linking the men, money, machine and materials through proper co-ordination techniques. â€Å"It refers only to the control or scheduling of production rather than the wider control of all business or enterprise resources.† (Production Control vs MRPII). The case can be better explained with the help of case study. The case deals with Reflex Mattresses, a company that produces mattresses, carpet and other textile items. The company, in the past, incurred heavy loss due to the leakage of information and ideas from the organization. The company decided to launch water bed for the first time in the market. This information was gathered by a major competitor, Good Night Beds, and they produced and launched water beds in the market. Thus, they grabbed the major chunk of the market share for the product. Reflex was able to launch the product only two months after that. The company had now proposed an action plan to launch a new variant of the product called Aqua bed. The product is proposed to be an aquarium embedded water bed. The analysis of the action plan is as follows. 1) Critical information identification: In the case, the core idea itself is critical information as this new idea can be easily copied by the competitors for their benefit. There are chances that the competitors may come up with the product before Reflex could. So

Pakistan lack of energy and water leads to mass terrorist operation Research Paper - 1

Pakistan lack of energy and water leads to mass terrorist operation - Research Paper Example The textile industries, trade and other sectors are at rock bottom in terms of their performances. This is all due to the variables stated above, hence the dependent variables. These variables have a direct impact on the economy of the state and the present day economy stands in a crippled state courtesy the deviances and discrepancies that are on show. People are taking up the unwarranted professions, resorting to means other than the state sanctioned. The ultimate yield of these deprivations is the outcome in form of exploitation and terrorist activities(Malik, I). These can be expressed in form of equation with one side demonstrating the don’t haves while the other side showing the possible repercussions in form of agitation, mental agony, restless, potential popular uprisings and various other factors. Lack of political wisdom, absence of creative mindset and future policies devising are all few of the factors that can be termed as the hypothesis towards the menace that is showing up in form of terrorist operations. envirocivil (2013)Â  Climate Change, Governance and Energy Discourse in Pakistan. [Online] Available at: http://envirocivil.com/climate/climate-change-governance-and-energy-discourse-in-pakistan/ [Accessed: 10 Apr

Shifting Attitudes Toward The Poor In Victorian England History Essay

Shifting Attitudes Toward The Poor In Victorian England History Essay Shifting Attitudes toward the Poor in Victorian England. The 1880s have usually been described in terms of a rediscovery of poverty and a decline of individualism in the public conscience of Victorian England despite more than a century of unparalleled commercial progress. The publication of Henry Georges Progress and Poverty in 1881 opened a period characterised by books and surveys which focused public attention on the problems of poverty and squalor by providing compelling numerical justification for more collectivist and socialist government policies. Even Gladstone openly acknowledged in his 1864 budget statement that the astonishing development of modern commerce under free trade was insufficient to remove an enormous mass of paupers who were struggling manfully but with difficulty to avoid pauperdom. Throughout the 1880s, it was clear even to the most steadfast upholder of the individualist ethic that not everyone was able to practise the virtues of self-help or to benefit fro m them. Through a combination of what Derek Fraser identifies as podsnappery (I dont want to know about it) and the seemingly infinite capacity of the economy to generate wealth, the real facts of continuing poverty were obscured from a large part of Victorian society until the investigations and statistical proofs from social reformers such as Charles Booth and Seebohm Rowntree garnered gradual acceptance for the notion that poverty was the consequence of complex economic and social factors beyond the control of the individuals. This shift in popular attitude marked the foundation of the modern welfare state in Britain that would take shape throughout the twentieth century under the Labour party. In this paper, I want to argue that the change in attitudes from the idea of pauperism as social inefficiency that could be dealt with privately to poverty as an issue of physical inefficiency that could be solved publicly was a direct result of the failure of self-help to alleviate the pl ight of the working class and the poverty studies spawned in the wake of such a realization by social reformers in the late Victorian and early Edwardian periods. A social philosophy emerged in the beginning of the nineteenth century in response to the explosive economic and social changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution. Between 1820 and 1870, English economic and political thought was overshadowed byà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the Ricardian economic systemà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the Malthusian population theory and Adam Smiths Wealth of Nations (1776).  [6]  A laissez-faire economic policy developed that called for free trade and free economic forces to work within a free market with free competition. The individual was to be allowed to fulfill his true potential unrestricted by the trammels of unnecessary restrictions and regulations which were infringements on his liberty.  [7]  The nature of behaviour in human society was closely related to the economic role performed, and so ideas about the structure and function of society emerged as a social adjunct of economic theory. Laissez-faire society emphasised individualism, utilitarianism, and self-interest. By mid century, the virtues of the capitalist middle class that had produced the calm and prosperity of the second quarter of the nineteenth century were elevated into a moral code for all [that became] almost a religion.  [8]  The social philosophy of Victorianism crystallised into four great tenets: work, thrift, respectability, and above all self-help.  [9]   Self-help became the supreme virtue  [10]  that underpinned Victorian society. The success of England by the time of the Great Exhibition in 1851 was credited with Smiths ideal of individuals pursuing their self-interests. The open, competitive society with its enormous opportunities enabled all to rise by their own talents, unaided by government agency. Man, in the Victorian era, was master of his own fate and could achieve anything given initiative and industry. Samuel Smiles defined self-help in his book of the same title published in 1859 as the root of all genuine growth in the individual  [11]  because it encouraged individuals to work to achieve their full potentials since whatever is done for menà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ to a certain extent takes away the stimulus and necessity of doing for themselves; and where men are subjected to over-guidanceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the inevitable tendency is to render them comparatively helpless.  [12]  Failure to govern oneself appropriately f rom within in order to improve ones situation was a result not of external factors but of internal deficiencies such as moral ignorance, selfishness, and vice.  [13]  Although the self-help ideology was essentially of middle-class origin and application, its impact was society-wide and spread upwards toward the landed aristocracy as well as downward to the property-less and working class.  [14]  Throughout the nineteenth century, self-help became viewed as the best help for the poor and institutions of self-help were developed to assist the working class to educate and ameliorate the lives of the working class. Perhaps the most important of the philanthropic organizations to lift the masses from the depths of despair  [15]  was the Charity Organisation Society (C.O.S.) founded in London in 1869 where poverty was most severe. Aside from promoting and helping the working classes realize self-help, Victorian charity was also guided by a genuine and persistent fear of social revolution that benefactors hoped siphoning  [16]  off some of their wealth avoid. The C.O.S. was a federation of district communities that aimed to harness charitable effort more effectively in tackling the perceived moral causes of social distress  [17]  and impose upon the life of the poor a system of sanctions and rewards which would convince them that there could be no escape from lifes miseries except by thrift, regularity, and hard work.  [18]  The society was a pioneer in developing professional social work but its social philosophy was rigorously traditionalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [and it became] one of the staunchest defenders of the self-help individualist ethic.  [19]  To C. S. Loch, General Secretary of the C.O.S., charity had nothing to do with poverty [but] social inefficiency.'  [20]  The problem was pauperism the failure of a man to sustain himself and his dependants a situation for the pauper was guilty of moral failure, self-indulgence, and complacency because he was ultimately responsible for creating his own circumstances. The solution and mandate of the C.O.S. in the words of Bernard Bosanquet, the main intellectual champion of the charity organisation movement was to awaken the moral potentialà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ in all people'  [21]  and reform the character of the poor by helping individuals understand their own personal strengths in overcoming adverse circumstances. Despite the work of organizations such as the C.O.S. in the 1880s, there was an increased realisation that the environment, social and physical, played a part in determining mens lives that was beyond their control. The C.O.S. acknowledged that men might need charitable help but were convinced that the amount of poverty was limited and could be handled privately without the need for legislation. The accumulated statistical evidence did not yet exist to disprove the societys contention and it was in this ignorance that Charles Booth began his work. Booth, a Liverpool merchant, was concerned about the sensational reporting of individual cases of hardship and wished to ascertain the validity behind the cases through a scientific inquiry.  [22]  He later said, The lives of the poor lay hiddenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ behind a curtain on which were painted terrible pictures: starving children, suffering womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ giants of disease and despair. Did these pictures truly represent what lay behind, or did they bearà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ a relation similar toà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [the] booth at some county fair?  [23]  To locate the reality of poverty and distinguish between the emotional superstructure and the statistical basis, Booth launched two pilot studies in 1886 in Tower Hamlets, and again in 1887 in East London and Hackney using the latest statistical and quantitative techniques. Over the course of career, he extended his research over all of London and published his results in seventeen volumes between 1889 and 1903 under the title Life and Labour of the People of London. Booth found that almost one-third of the population in London lived at or below the poverty line of 18 to 21 shillings per week for a moderate family.  [24]  About 1.2 million Britons lived above the poverty line and were at all times more or less in want.'  [25]  For contemporaries, Booths conclusion that 30 percent of Londons population lived in poverty confirmed that the problem was far beyond the scope of private charitable benevolence  [26]  and provided the statistical incentive needed for practical solutions. Advancements in parliamentary democracy in late Victorian England gave the population political influence. Gradual enlargement of the franchise meant that numbers were beginning to count, and this fact was not lost on politicians who realised the need to placate voters. Gareth Stedman Jones summarizes the increased attention paid to the fear of the chronically poor that began to emerge in the 1880s as a neglected and exploited class that might retaliate and contaminate civilised London.  [27]  The anxiety which prompted members of the respectable working and middle classes to agitate for government action resulted in a mass of detailed legislation  [28]  which dealt with social problems like public health, education, working conditions, and housing. Socialism, in its broadest sense, as a willingness to consider with favour interventionist policies intended to benefit the masses  [29]  dominated legislation passed after 1880. Socialist organisations, such as the Fabian Soc iety, the Social Democratic Federation, and the Independent Labour Party, exerted tremendous influence on a wide range of domestic political questions and swelled in popularity, eventually producing a Labour government in the beginning of the twentieth century. The British government undertook a markedly more serious role in the public dispensation of aid to the poor beginning in 1886 with the Chamberlain Circular. Following the alarming riots by unemployed London workers on February 8, 1886, Joseph Chamberlain, President of the Local Government Board in Gladstones third Liberal ministry, issued a circular in March to authorise the arrangement for municipal public works to relieve unemployment. After thorough investigations into the plight of the working classes, the Local Government Board, according to Chamberlain, found evidence of much and increasing privation  [30]  making the creation of public works necessary to prevent large numbers of persons [from being] reduced to greatest straits.  [31]  Aside from authorizing the work projects, Chamberlain takes pains to prevent those who truly needed assistance from experiencing the stigma of pauperism  [32]  and to make it as easy as possible for those who do not ordinarily seek p oor law relief  [33]  to receive help. Chamberlain made it clear for municipal governments to respect the spirit of independence  [34]  of the working classes and not to add to their already exceptional distress.  [35]  Chamberlain painstakingly explained to the municipal authorities that the working class were not lazy, but simply unfortunate because of severe weather problems and cyclical economic downturns. He went so far as to praise the habitual practice of the working class to make great personal sacrifices  [36]  than receive government alms. The circular significantly reveals the shifting attitudes in Victorian Britain towards redefining poverty as a result of personal deficiencies to external factors beyond ones control. As a result of revelations made by Booth and a realization that reliance on the notion of self-help is insufficient, Chamberlain cautions authorities from looking down on the poor as not working hard to improve their own situations. Implicit in the circular is an admission that self-help and the charity organizations have failed and the municipal governments must treat the working classes as deserving the greatest sympathy and respect  [37]  because they would help themselves if they could had formidable external factors not made it imperative for the government to step in to alleviate the dilemma of the working classes. The Chamberlain Circular established the principle that unemployment was in the last resort the responsibility of the whole society and was inappropriately dealt with via the Poor Law.  [38]  The spirit of the Chamberlain Circular culminated in the passage of the Unemployed Workmens Act in 1905 that acknowledged that poverty had economic causes and was not necessarily the result of moral degeneracy. At the turn of the century, Seebohm Rowntree, inspired by Booth, conducted a survey of York that revealed almost one-third of the population of York lived in poverty.  [39]  Rowntrees picture of poverty was near enough to Booths to be mutually reinforcing and to suggest that approaching a third of the urban population of the whole country was living in poverty.  [40]  Following in the footsteps of Booth and Rowntree, surveys were conducted throughout Britain and added to the rediscovery of poverty  [41]  that produced social programs such as the Old-Age Pension Act (1908) and the National Insurance Act (1911), which paved the foundation for the modern welfare state in Britain in 1946.  [42]   Late Victorian England was a period of rapid transition and change. Before 1880, self-help was the virtue that supported Victorian social philosophy. Derived from a faith in human nature and its possibilities, Victorian society demanded self-reliance because it deemed that at the root of a persons circumstances laid an almost limitless moral potential which could be aroused to overcome the worst environmental adversity. Pauperism was seen as a moral failure and paupers as social inefficient and morally degenerate people. Leading philanthropic organisations like the C.O.S. held poverty to be the result of self-indulgence and complacency and tried to use charity as a means to create the power of self-help in the poor. Beginning in the 1880s, the reality of the growth of abject poverty in the midst of plenty shocked Victorian society. A generation of self-help had not produced a better life, and work by men like and Rowntree forcibly made society aware of the penury within it. The notio n that poverty could be the result of complex economic and social factors beyond the individuals control became accepted, and with the expansion of the franchise, social welfare became a fundamental response to democratic demand. As working class consciousness developed and as institutions of working class organisations, such as trade unions, formulated labour demands it became increasingly important for governments to respond. The more the poor acquired votes in the wake of suffrage reform, the more domestic issues dominated the political arena. As democracy broadened, so, too, did the working class aspirations for social betterment.

Milk †Nutrition Essay

Got Milk? â€Å"Milk is a white fluid secreted by the mammary glands of female mammals for the nourishment of their young, consisting of minute globules of fat suspended in a solution of casein, albumin, milk sugar, and inorganic salts† (milk). Humans have been consuming milk for thousands of years. As humans we usually consume milk beyond childhood getting it from our animal counterpart’s goats, sheep, and cattle, and using it as a food product. Nine out of ten of the milk consumed in the United States comes from cattle. There has been numerous debates on rather drinking milk is healthy for humans. Milk is present in numerous of humans all time favorite foods such as ice cream, yogurt, cheese, and butter, these products are known as dairy products. Milk comes in many different forms. For example: organic, conventional, homogenized, flavored, and non-dairy milk. Contrary to what many may think, there is no known difference between organic and raw milk. â€Å"Homogenization is a process that gives milk its rich, white color and smooth texture. Milk that has not been homogenized contains a layer of cream that rises to the top of a glass†. (Wokenfuss). Flavored milk is any milk with artificial flavoring including strawberry, chocolate, and vanilla flavored milks. Flavored milks contain more sugar and fat calories than unflavored milks, but it’s still contains the essential nutrients available in the milk. It was once said that â€Å"milk is one-stop shopping for nutrition†. Milk contains nearly all the nutrients that a growing child would need. It contains fats, carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and minerals, all these nutrients are essential in not only growing children but human beings in general. Milk is known as being very rich in calcium. Numerous studies were conducted and it was shown that four out of five serving of foods rich in calcium such as milk, cheese, and other dairy products are needed to optimize peak bone mass during teenage years. â€Å"Calcium plays an important role in building stronger, denser bones early in life and keeping bones strong and healthy later in life. † It has been said that dairy foods rich in calcium could possibly increase the speed of weight loss and also reduce the amount of body fat. Milk also has a high quality in protein. Protein helps increase energy, and it also helps build and prepare muscle tissue. â€Å"Vitamins are organic substances essential for many life processes. Milk includes fat soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K†¦ Because milk is an important source of dietary vitamin A, fat reduced products which have lost vitamin A with the fat are required to supplement the product with vitamin A. † (Douglas). Many critics argue the fact that milk is more harmful to humans than helpful. Dairy products add to numerous health problems. Milk doesn’t possess iron of its own, so it’s possibly could harm a child’s ability to absorb iron. Iron makes up a large amount of proteins in the body. Having low amount of it could result in deficiency anemia. Large amounts of the American people are lactose intolerant, meaning they can’t consume large amounts of lactose which is highly present in milk. â€Å"Studies have suggested that some of the nutritional benefits of milk may be lost when a lactase-deficient [lactose intolerant] individual consumes milk. Not only does this person fail to receive the calories normally supplied by the undigested carbohydrates; resultant diarrhea may lead to loss of protein as well. † ( Oski). We all have heard the saying â€Å"Milk creates strong bones†. There have been numerous debates on whether the calcium in dairy products really does assist the bones. Statistics show that teenagers bone health is not contributed to the amount of consumed calcium, but the amount of physical activity they partaken in their earlier years. There also hasn’t been any evidence to support the claim that consuming dairy products on a daily basis can contribute to weight loss. Consuming milk also hasn’t proved to be to any assistance later in life. It has been proven that the consumption of milk does increase the risk of ovarian cancer. â€Å"Many researchers say dairy products are high in saturated fat and cholesterol and have been linked to numerous illnesses and diseases such as diabetes, prostate cancer, heart disease, various allergies and Crohn’s disease. † (Garcia). In conclusion, I believe that the consumption of milk is not an important factor in living a healthy and normal life. Large amounts of research and studies were conducted, and I’ve reviewed the pros and cons of milk and dairy products, and I conclude that there are more harmful after effects from drinking milk than beneficial for human beings.

Transcript of A Moonlight Fable by H.G. Wells Essay

A Moonlight Fable H.G.Wells Background Beginning Middle Ending Ending Cont. Middle Cont. Symbols H.G. Wells was an English author in the science fiction genre. He is known as the â€Å"Father of Science Fiction.† He began studying in biology and soon wrote novels on the Darwinian theory. Wells is known for his haunting and unpredictable stories. A mother sews a suit for her son and he loves it so much he wants to wear it all the time. His mother insists that he keeps it safely locked away until a special day. He adored it so much that he dreamt about it, but would only wear it once a week. His mother let him wear the suit as long as the buttons were covered in tissue so they wouldn’t tarnish.The boy was attentive to the buttons and saw them getting duller, which caused him anxiety. On night, when the moonlight shined through the window, the boy finds the urge to put the suit on. He tears all of the tissues and protective items off. He hurries out of his house and into his mother’s garden in the suit. He runs carelessly through the garden letting the thorns rip the jacket. He then runs into the duck pond and swims around. After swimming in the pond, he sees a moth and lets it fly around his head. He chases it and falls into a pit without noticing. The next morning, he is found dead at the bottom of the pit. Moonlight-Opportunity to change When the moonlight the story, the man begins to venture into wearing his suit The moonlight in the garden drives him to run through the thorns Buttons-Hopes and happiness Throughout the story, his happiness is suppressed and hidden like the buttons When he takes of the tissue, he is liberated and can finally be happy Garden- freedom In the garden, the boy is happiest and can be free When he dies in the lake, he is smiling showing that he was finally free and happy Symbols Cont. Setting & Characters Characters: the young boy and his mom Setting: In their home and church, not time is specified, most significant occurrences are during the night Important Quotations â€Å"It seemed to him the moonlight was not common moonlight, nor the night a common night, and for a while he lay quite drowsily with this odd persuasion in his mind.† â€Å"He did not care, for he knew it was all part of the wearing for which he had longed.† â€Å"‘Do you think my clothes are beautiful, dear moth? As  beautiful as your scales and all this silver vesture of the earth and sky?'† A Moonlight Fable By AYESHANUML90 | May 2013 Page 1 of 2 Summary and analysis of A Moonlight Fable by HGWells? Literature and Language Questions Answers.com > Wiki Answers > Categories > Literature & Language * Coke KahaniA story of our lives, happiness & togetherness, on your TV Screens.www.facebook.com/cocacola * FablesFind, Create, Share Infos With Attrakt Custom Searchwww.attrakt.com/ Ads Best Answer In this short story by H.G. Wells, a young man loves a suit that his mother sews for him. He loves this suit so much, he wants to wear it all the time. His mother however insists he keep the suit safely packed away until his wedding day. It was green and gold and woven so that I cannot describe how delicate and fine it was, and there was a tie of orange fluffiness that tied up under his chin. And the buttons in their newness shone like stars. He was proud and pleased by his suit beyond measure, and stood before the long looking-glass when first he put it on, so astonished and delighted with it that he could hardly turn himself away. The boy loved his suit so much that he dreamt about it. He would often take the suit out of it’s storage and admire it. His mother allowed him to wear the suit on Sundays to church, but with tissue covering the buttons so they wouldn’t tarnish and tacked on protective guards on the elbows and cuffs so they wouldn’t tear. Whenever the boy would peek at the buttons under the tissue wrap, he would notice they were becoming duller and duller, and this would cause him anxiety. One night he sees the moonlight shining into his bedroom and he gets out of bed with an urge to put the suit on. He makes up his mind to tear off the protective tissue and guards off the suit. Thought joined on to thought like things that whisper warmly in the shadows. Then he sat up in his little bed suddenly, very alert, with his heart beating very fast and a quiver in his body from top to toe. He had made up his mind. He knew now that he was going to wear his suit as it should be†¦

Chatelperronian Transition to Upper Paleolithic

Chatelperronian Transition to Upper Paleolithic The Chà ¢telperronian period refers to one of five stone tool industries identified within the Upper Paleolithic period of Europe (ca 45,000-20,000 years ago). Once thought the earliest of the five industries, the Chà ¢telperronian is today recognized as roughly coeval with or perhaps somewhat later than the Aurignacian period: both are associated with the Middle Paleolithic to Upper Paleolithic transition, ca. 45,000-33,000 years ago. During that transition, the last Neanderthals in Europe died out, the result of a not-necessarily-peaceful cultural transition of European ownership from the long-established Neanderthal residents to the new influx of early modern humans from Africa. When first described and defined in the early twentieth century, the Chà ¢telperronian was believed to be the work of early modern humans (then called Cro Magnon), who, it was thought had descended directly from Neanderthals. The split between Middle and Upper Paleolithic is a distinct one, with great advances in the range of stone tool types and also with raw materialsthe Upper Paleolithic period has tools and objects made of bone, teeth, ivory and antler, none of which was seen in the Middle Paleolithic. The change is technology is today associated with the entrance of early modern humans from Africa into Europe. The discovery of Neanderthals at Saint Cesaire (aka La Roche a Pierrot) and Grotte du Renne (aka Arcy-sur-Cure) in direct association with Chà ¢telperronian artifacts, led to the original debates: who made the Chà ¢telperronian tools? Chà ¢telperronian Toolkit Chà ¢telperronian stone industries are a blend of earlier tool types from the Middle Paleolithic Mousterian and Upper Paleolithic Aurignacian style tool types. These include denticulates, distinctive side scrapers (called racloir chà ¢telperronien) and endscrapers. One characteristic stone tool found on Chà ¢telperronian sites are backed blades, tools made on flint chips which have been shaped with abrupt retouch. Chà ¢telperronian blades were made from a large, thick flake or block that were prepared in advance, in distinct comparison to later Aurignacian stone tool kits which were based on more extensively worked prismatic cores. Although the lithic materials at Chà ¢telperronian sites often include stone tools similar to the earlier Mousterian occupations, in some sites, an extensive collection of tools were produced on ivory, shell, and bone: these types of tools are not found in Mousterian sites at all. Important bone collections have been found at three sites in France: Grotte du Renne at Arcy sur-Cure, Saint Cesaire and Quinà §ay. At Grotte du Renne, the bone tools included awls, bi-conical points, tubes made of bird bones and pendants, and sawed ungulate antlers and picks. Some personal ornaments have been found at these sites, some of which are stained with red ochre: all of these are evidence of what archaeologists call modern human behaviors or behavioral complexity.​ The stone tools led to the assumption of cultural continuity, with some scholars well into the 1990s arguing that humans in Europe had evolved from Neanderthals. Subsequent archaeological and DNA research has overwhelmingly indicated that early modern humans in fact evolved in Africa, and then migrated into Europe and mixed with the Neanderthal natives. The parallel discoveries of bone tools and other behavioral modernity at Chatelperronian and Aurignacian sites, not to mention radiocarbon dating evidence has led to a realignment of the early Upper Paleolithic sequence. How They Learned That The major mystery of the Chà ¢telperronianassuming that it does indeed represent Neanderthals, and there certainly seems to be ample proof of thatis how did they acquire new technologies just at the point when the new African immigrants arrived in Europe? When and how that happenedwhen the African emigrants turned up in Europe and when and how the Europeans learned to make bone tools and backed scrapersis a matter for some debate. Did the Neanderthals imitate or learn from or borrow from the Africans when they began using sophisticated stone and bone tools; or were they innovators, who happened to learn the technique about the same time? Archaeological evidence at sites such as Kostenki in Russia and Grotta del Cavallo in Italy has pushed back the arrival of early modern humans to about 45,000 years ago. They used a sophisticated tool kit, complete with bone and antler tools and personal decorative objects, called collectively Aurignacian. Evidence is also strong that Neanderthals first appeared in Europe about 800,000 years ago, and they relied on primarily stone tools; but about 40,000 years ago, they may have adopted or invented bone and antler tools and personal decorative items. Whether that was separate invention or borrowing remains to be determined. Sources Bar-Yosef O, and Bordes J-G. 2010. Who were the makers of the Chà ¢telperronian culture? Journal of Human Evolution 59(5):586-593.Coolidge FL, and Wynn T. 2004. A cognitive and neurophysical perspective on the Chatelperronian. Journal of Archaeological Research 60(4):55-73.Discamps E, Jaubert J, and Bachellerie F. 2011. Human choices and environmental constraints: deciphering the variability of large game procurement from Mousterian to Aurignacian times (MIS 5-3) in southwestern France. Quaternary Science Reviews 30(19-20):2755-2775.

buy custom Residential Schools and their Impacts on Aboriginal Health essay

buy custom Residential Schools and their Impacts on Aboriginal Health essay Introduction The Residential School System developed as a result of the missionary experience that the first countries had with various religious groups. The government developed administration system for the institutions as early as 1874 which were based mainly on assimilation ideologies. Following the establishment of the institutions, children were removed from their native homes at the formative stages of development. Those who were enrolled in these schools were exposed to health challenges of varied nature. They range from the psychological, emotional, physical and mental. This paper seeks to explore the impact that the residential schools had on the Aboriginal health and how the challenges could be possibly addressed. The Psychological Health of the Aboriginal Population The Residential School System had severe impacts on the psychological health of the Aboriginal populations. With the establishment of the schools, children were removed from their families at younger ages, some as young as five or six years old and enrolled in these institutions. Wilson, Rosenberg Abonyi (2009); Kendrick (2008) cited that psychological development of a child in the formative stage of development is very important for the holistic development of a child in his later life. The psychological health of the children was thus endangered. The children were exposed to new environments altogether, with emotional cut-off from the family attachment. This greatly affects the normal emotional development of children. Most of the Aboriginal children who were enrolled in the residential schools experienced emotional torture. They cried most of the time with no one to offer any psychosocial support to them (Kendrick, 2008). Therefore, the enrollment of the children in the residential schools at the formative stages can be best described as an equivalent to their exposure to emotional abuse (Wilson et al., 2009). The emotional and psychological difficulties that the students experienced in the residential schools were further complicated by the requirements and restrictions that were put on them. For example, the students enrolled into this system were not allowed to speak their original languages. Austin Boyd (2010) cited that this caused trauma and grief resulting from cumulative emotional and psychological wounding that the students had to go through across their lifespan development. Removal of children as young as five years from rural households and their exposure to regulated environment where they were not permitted to speak their Aboriginal languages was an abuse enough to the psychological well-being of the children. Austin Boyd (2010) cited that lack of emotional expression often leads to other cognitive disorders that one may develop later in life. In Canada, the children who broke the rules in the residential schools were severely punished irrespective of their age. This is tantamount to child abuse. Studies have shown that physical abuse of children at the formative stages of development has lifetime effect on their emotional, psychological and even physical health (Wilson et al., 2009). A good number of children were emotionally and spiritually destroyed as a result of the harsh disciplines and living conditions which they were exposed to. The psychological trauma that the Aboriginal population experienced in the residential schools has been spread from one generation to another. The Physical Health of the Aborginal Population The residential schools in Canada were greatly under-funded by the federal government. Austin Boyd (2010) cited that the students were living in deplorable conditions. With the overcrowding in the institutions, communicable diseases broke out and spread from one person to another. Besides, there was poor sanitation in the institutions with the students sometimes taking days without bathing because of lack of water and other sanitary facilities. Outbreak of culinary diseases such cholera, diarrhea and typhoid were not only common but widespread in the institutions. The institutions lacked adequate trained medical and healthcare staff and facilities to attend to the health issues of the students. As a result so many children and adults died under poor residential school system in Canada (Wilson et al., 2009). The students in the residential school system developed physical health complications significantly due to lack of facilities. The beddings were rarely washed and because of the large numbers of the Aboriginal students, accommodation facilities were sometimes not adequate to cater for all the students (Waldram, Herring Young, 2006). As a result, sometimes students spent the night without beddings to cover themselves. This exposed them to diseases such as pneumonia and other respiratory-related complications (Kendrick, 2008). Studies that have been conducted on the impact of the residential school on the health of the Aboriginal populations reveal that housing units contributed significantly to poor health conditions of the beneficiaries. For example, in March 2003, the studies revealed a total of 15,840 housing units needed repair while another 4937 needed total replacement (Austin Boyd, 2010). Despite these conditions of housing units, they still accommodated Aboriginal populations. Under such conditions, the health implications of the housing and the accommodation facilities for the residents are very severe. The Aboriginal populations were also exposed to poor diet. Most of the meals that were served lacked nutritional value in some cases and were unbalanced in many other cases. This did not only affect the nutritional needs of the body but also contributed to development of some health complications such as kwashiorkor and other development related issues. Singer (1996) observed in a study that a residential school system limits the ability of the Aboriginal students to participate in physical sports freely. Lack of physical exercise contributes to development of long term health complications especially in late adulthood because of poor borne development (Waldram et al., 2006). The mixing of students from different social backgrounds, family set-ups sometimes lead to development of certain behavioral problems. For example, behavioral problems like drug abuse, alcoholism and sexual abuse developed in some of the residential facilities (Wilson et al., 2009). These exposed the Aboriginal population in the residential schools to further health risks. The impact of drug abuse on the mental and the physical health of an individual is very severe. Unfortunately once these behaviors developed, they were not addressed effectively. Sexually transmitted diseases that spread as a result of irresponsible behavior greatly affected the health of the victims. Dealing with the Health Challenges Residential School System Residential school system was generally a coercive initiative imposed on the Aboriginal population. In order to address these challenges, the first initiative will be to review the residential school policies so that it is not made compulsory for a child to be enrolled in the residential school system (Singer, 1996). The policies should focus on defining the minimum age at which a child can be enrolled in a residential school system. For example, young children below 12 years should not be enrolled into residential school. This will enhance normal emotional and psychological development in the formative stages of life. Besides, this initiative will eliminate the emotional torture caused by exposure of a young child to a new environment away from the family members with whom a child has an emotional attachment. All the residential school facilities should operate on condition that they have adequate medical facilities and health professionals. This will ensure that the healthcare needs of the students enrolled in these facilities are addressed as a matter of urgency. For example, the residential school policy should put as a requirement that each facility has a nurse and a qualified doctor in the night and the day shift depending on the number of students enrolled in the facility (Warry, 2007). Besides, the residential schools should have health facilities such as dispensary within their proximity to attend to the health needs of the residents (Kendrick, 2008). Professional such psychiatrists, counselors, and social workers should be deployed in the residential school facilities to attend to the emotional needs of the children. The residential institutions should also have facilities that can adequately support the health needs of the residents. For example, the accommodation facilities should be adequate enough to accommodate the residents effectively. This will eliminate healthcare problems associated with overcrowding and lack of other accommodation facilities. Sanitation and hygiene standards should be kept high in the residential schools. The residential schools should only operate on the condition that there is a high standard of hygiene and sanitation. This should include even the maintenance of high standards of hygiene in the preparation of the meals. Constant evaluation of the performance of the institutions in terms of sanitation and dietary provision to the residents should also be considered. The use of severe punishment in the residential schools should be abolished at all costs. The discipline for errant residents students should be moderate and involve much use of positive and negative reinforcement techniques. The discrimination and stereotyping in the residential schools should also be ended (Warry, 2007). This will help to reduce the health risks that are associated with severe physical torture and punishments. Psychosocial support programs for students in the residential facilities should be considered to ensure that their spiritual, social and emotional challenges are competently and effectively addressed. Conclusion Residential school system has had severe implications on the Aboriginal health. The Aboriginals suffered lasting psychological, physical and mental health problems caused by the deplorable conditions under which the schools operated. There is a need to review the policies governing the operations of the residential schools to ensure that their operations do not affect the health of the Aboriginals negatively. Whereas the benefits of the residential schools could be outlined, the immediate and the long term health implications of the schools on children and Aboriginal population at large should not be ignored. Buy custom Residential Schools and their Impacts on Aboriginal Health essay

Syphilis-treponema pallidum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Syphilis-treponema pallidum - Essay Example Chancre stage is followed by systemic secondary phase with fever and rash on palms and soles. The secondary stage is followed by the tertiary stage or the latent period which is for indefinite time, however, tertiary stage may/ may not occur. The article also states about the last stage of syphilis infection- neurosyphilis where the causal organisms attacks the central nervous system and demolishes fiber tract. This results in progression of dementia, blindness and partial motor paralysis. The article mentioned the pyrotherapy treatment introduced by Warner-Jauregg. To cure syphilis the individuals were treated with the blood sample of malaria patient which contains parasite Plasmodium. Plasmodium is known to increase the body temperature, the spirochete Treponema pallidum cannot survive the temperature above 41 degree Celsius as a result the causal organism of syphilis gets destroyed and individuals return to their normal lives. However, the success ratio for such treatment is very less. The article highlights the auspicious discovery made by Alexander Fleming of penicillin during World War II as the medication for various bacterial diseases. The discovery of antibiotic penicillin revolutionized the world of diseases caused by bacterial strains. Antibiotics have given a new paradigm drift in the field of medicine. The article did not mention anything about the vaccine for syphilis. However, it discussed about the pyrotherapy to overcome the condition of syphilis. Later, the article discusses about the discovery of antibiotic which acts as a key to combat disease causing bacterial strains. The article did not specify the age to witness the condition of syphilis. The causal organisms of syphilis, Treponema pallidum is sexually transmitted, the sexually active individuals are likely to witness the causal organism. One reason that the article specified for 50 percent of the patients returned to normalcy and continued with their normal life is

Budget report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Budget report - Essay Example Throughout the term, my General Merchandise expenses were valued at $314.20. This figure accounted for 7.9% of the total amount I spent. I decided to break down this percentage according to the amounts I spent each month, that is, 12.1% ($192.88) in February, 7.6% ($103.00) in March, and 3.9% ($18.32) in April. In this category, I have realized that I can make a considerable improvement. There are no variations in the amounts I spent weekly on general merchandise. However, my expenditure shows that I spent less in March-$103.00 compared to February-$192.88, and even less in April-$18.32. I spent more in February because I had to travel to Georgia to visit my cousin who was newly admitted to Georgia Institute of Technology. I spent much money in air tickets and in buying gifts and a few treats. I believe that the expenses of the following months will not escalate save for a few emergencies that may arise. For groceries, my expenses accounted for 15.20% of the total expenditure. This was valued at $603.63. I had to spend a lot in groceries in March-a total of $272.78 (reflecting 45.19% of the total amount spent on groceries for the term) because I fell ill and the doctors recommended taking more than four meals a day to cater for energy loses. April’s grocery expenses were much less since I had begun cutting on my budget. Grocery expenses in April were $151.99 (25.18%) and $178.86 (29.63%) in February. I am capable of cutting more on grocery expenses by 10% in May because I have identified the stores that sell similar products at lower prices. Restaurant/Bar expenses accounted for $871.81, reflecting 21.94% of the overall expenditure. This category included buying drinks for the occasional parties we hold in our favorite restaurant, purchasing party cups, hiring rooms when it is too late to reach home, and buying burgers and pizza at least once a week. It is